Ensemble species distribution modelling of Coleoptera in Viti Levu, Fiji

Abstract

Species distribution modelling (SDM) was used to characterise the distribution of nine families of the Order Coleoptera (Beetles) on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji. Occurrence data were sourced from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and a recent survey, together with available bioclimatic layers. A set of suitability maps was produced as a result of employing various algorithms and a consensus of results of the best performing algorithms finally resulted in a single map which displays the spatial characteristics of Coleoptera distribution. The ensemble model for Coleoptera identified an altitudinal transect in southeastern Viti Levu within low to upland forested areas as most suitable for Coleoptera. As the transect extended to higher altitudes (cloud forest) the suitability was reduced to medium suitability. The results of this study correspond well with the already established PABITRA (Pacific Asia Biodiversity Transect) Gateway transect, Western Belt sites for Fiji which runs through the lowland forests of Savura to the upland forests of Waisoi and up the cloud forests of Navai and further support its selection as a representation of Fiji’s rich and unique biodiversity. An assessment of the impacts of future climate change on Coleoptera distribution along this PABITRA transect will be highlighted. Therefore, in terms of the identification of possible Protected Areas in Viti Levu, it would be wise for planners and managers to protect areas along this altitudinal transect on the southeastern site of Viti Levu.